Vehicle: Skoda Octavia 2012 Engine: 1.6 TDI CAYA I have been experiencing an intermittent engine cooling problem. I replaced the radiator, water pump, and thermostat housing. I first tried a Mahle thermostat, then installed an OSSCA 87°C thermostat. The coolant was properly bled, the cooling fan works, and there is a steady coolant return flow to the expansion tank. There is no coolant loss. During normal driving, the engine temperature usually stays at 90°C on the dashboard. However, after longer drives or sometimes even during short trips, the temperature gauge fluctuates slightly above 90°C and then returns to normal. The radiator fan often runs at high speed and continues for about 30 seconds after the engine is switched off, even after relatively short trips and without using the A/C. VCDS readings while idling show: Engine coolant temperature: 98°C Radiator outlet coolant temperature: 58-67°C The coolant temperature sometimes fluctuates slowly between 95°C and 98°C. I also replaced the radiator outlet temperature sensor, but the problem remained unchanged. At one point, I had fault code P2122, but it appears to have been caused by a loose accelerator pedal connector and is no longer present. My questions are: 1. Is the thermostat opening correctly? 2. Could the G62 coolant temperature sensor or its wiring be causing this issue? 3. Could there still be air trapped in the cooling system? 4. What is the most likely cause based on these symptoms?