This topic is here to inform other people who might be dealing with similar issues. When I tried to find any topics about other people's 1.2 TSI 77kW engines of the same version having high oil consumption, I could only find something here and there but not a longer story with more information in one place about the additional possible symptoms or what actions are taken by the service.
My 2014 Octavia's 1.2 TSI engine has been using some oil since the beginning. As it needed only one top-up just a few thousand km before annual service, I wasn't very concerned as I understand that this is actually normal with these engines.
I think was some time after 45,000 km service when the engine randomly started stuttering and shaking, lost power, and "check engine" lit up. Interestingly, a restart solved it but I still reported it. The dealer took it in, investigated and found that the spark plugs looked "strange". I was asked about increased oil consumption but as I hadn't noticed anything different back then, I reported "one top-up not long before service". As they were uncertain about the cause and no oil issues were reported by me, just the spark plugs were replaced under warranty.
After 45,000 km service, the next top-up was at about 51,000 km. At 56,000 another top-up was needed. I remembered the question about oil consumption so I reported it. Nothing was found.
During 60,000-72,000 km, the car used 4 litres of oil. During that period, I reported the continuing and increasing oil usage again. A minor oil leak was found and the valve cover gasket was replaced. Also, two more issues arised - random (minor) stuttering at idle and start/stop system randomly failed to start the car normally (started up, then died at the same moment, started up again fine, then - but not always - reported start/stop system error until restart). When scanning with OBDEleven, I saw that "cylinder misfire detected" was logged with a note "intermittent" on all 4 cylinders and misfire counter could also be seen increasing pretty frequently when looking at live data.
The car was taken in again and this time it was decided that the cylinder head would be replaced. This was done at 74,000 km. At 77,000 km, another top-up was needed. At 78,000 km the level had fallen to the middle of the dipstick. Reported that the cylinder head replacement didn't solve my issues. This time they wanted to measure the consumption so they filled it up again with exactly measured quantity of oil, and I had to drive at least 1000 km and then come back. After this, the official consumption was even higher than I expected (I was already prepared to argue with them if the result was "just below" 0,5/1000 that is stated in the owner's manual) - 0,6 litres per 1000 km.
I just got information that the pistons will be replaced with an updated version, a 1,5 day job (under warranty).
Although the situation is very inconvenient, I'm really happy that I invested a small sum to get 5 years of warranty instead of 4, otherwise I might be dealing with the costs myself (or at least fighting for "goodwill" and arguing "failed repair").