I think anybody that buys premium diesel is doing it on nothing other than good faith that it is better rather than any factual information.
As for testing, its impossible to get repeatable results so it would have to be over a very very long time. My commute is as consistent as it could possibly get in terms of a constant speed with no traffic but even then, it might be windy one week and I could average 52mpg and the next its nice and warm with no wind and I average 64mpg. Its a complete lottery. Its the same with the cleaning aspect, unless you pull apart 2 of the same engines, driven the same way, over hundreds of miles, there is no definitive answer on whether its worth it.